Procurement and Contract Management in Adams v Cullen - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1269 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? Procurement and Contract Management Adams v Cullen In early 2013 Edward Cullen approached the Adams Family to negotiate a long term lease of a disused warehouse site, in order to develop low cost housing. During early negotiations it was agreed that the project would be ready by June 2014, with Adams to cover construction costs until the apartments were ready to be sublet. In March 2013 Cullenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s solicitors sent Adams a draft lease agreement assuring them if they heard nothing more within 10 days that Cullen had, for his part, affirmed the terms and had executed the agreement. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Procurement and Contract Management in Adams v Cullen" essay for you Create order Not hearing from Cullen or his solicitors, Adams assumed the project was to go ahead and commenced work. In November 2013, without informing Adams, Cullen decided to the lease agreement put on hold, based on negative information gathered in a recent feasibility study. In January 2014 notified Adams that he would no longer be leasing the estate, on the basis he had not formally and legally executed the lease. At this point Adams had incurred considerable expense on the project, assuming that they had a legally binding agreement with Cullen, and still had a contractual agreement with Better Constructions. Promissory Estoppel offers Adams a path for legal recourse against Cullen. As they may sue for specific performance, enforcing Cullen to maintain his promise to lease the apartments. Promissory estoppel acts as a tool to rectify an injustice where a promise has been made by one party, which another party has relied upon to its detriment (Szantyr, 2011). In this case Adams has relie d on the implied contractual agreement formed with Cullen to commence the project, establishing various contracts with third parties in the process. It could be argued that while no formal contract was commence between the two parties, Cullen knew of the work being undertaken by Adams and his inaction could circumstance constituted encouragement or inducement for Adams to continue work (Waltons Stores (Interstate) Ltd v Maher, 1988, p. 387). Therefore, Cullenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s withdrawal from the contractual agreement could equate to unconscionable conduct, thus becoming liable for legal action. By allowing Adams to undertake the work (employing contactors) under a false assumption that a contract had come into existence. Eastside Constructions v Adams Holdings Eastside Constructions (EC) is undertaking legal action on the basis that their tender should have been accepted, rather than that offered by Better Constructions, for the contract to design and construct a number o f self-contained units. Their claim is that, due to their proven track record with this type of project and their lower priced quote, they should have been awarded the tender. However, traditionally the tender process is viewed as an invitation to treat and is no more than an invitation to make an offer, with no binding legal obligation to any particular contractor (Szantyr, 2011). Therefore Adams was free to select whichever contractor they would like. However, given that Adams Holdings issued specific selection criteria as part of the tender process it is possible for EC to enact legal proceedings. The request for tender becomes an obligation of good faith, requiring the inviter (Adams) to provide an equal opportunity to all tenders and review them correspondingly (NSW Department of Finance Services, 2010). If it can be proven that Adams did not follow the evaluation procedure listed in their tender selection criteria, EC may have recourse to claim the costs of preparing it s tender (Hughes Aircraft v Airservices Australia, 1997, p. 146). The outcome of this case is determinate on if it can be proven that Adams did not follow the selection criteria outlined in their request for tender. Better Constructions v Big Equipment Supplies The dispute of Better Constructions (BC) v Big Equipment Supplies (BES) sees BC suing BES for breach of contract. After BC were required to purchase building supplies (scaffolding supplies) from a third party, at an increased amount. BES advertised the items for a cost of $28,500, an offer was made by BC to purchase the goods over a series of monthly payments. BES rejected this offer but made a counter offer of the original full amount, thus becoming the offeror in this situation. Upon comparing the price against equivalent equipment, BC decided to accept the offer, sending a letter of acceptance on May 6th. The letter was received by BES May 8th. However, as of May 7th the goods had already been sold to a third part y. Generally, the offeror can revoke any offer it has made, as until an offer is accepted there is no binding contract. Therefore, the question in this case is when the offer was accepted (Szantyr, 2011). The postal rule allows us to determine when the offer was accepted. The postal rule states that if acceptance is made by post, than any offer is accepted as soon as the letter is posted, even if delivery of the letter is delayed or the letter never reaches the offeror (permitting properly addressed, stamped and posted) (Adams v Lindsell, 1818, p. 250). Therefore, BESà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s offer (counteroffer) was accepted May 7th, before they sold the equipment to the third party. Consequently, Better constructions should be able to legally obtain compensation for losses from the contract breach by Big Equipment Supplies (as a result of BC having to purchase the same equipment from a third party). Woodwards v Better Constructions Woodwards (WW) are in the process of decidi ng whether or not to undertake legal action against Better Constructions (BC) for failing to pay an extra payment that they had promised, in addition to the original contract amount. BC contracted WW to install timber framing, at a fee of $30,000 and to be completed by December 1st. However, after deliberation about the impacts and penalties of late delivery of the construction project BC promised a further $5000 if the project was completed by December 1st. This dispute deals with aspects of contract law, specifically, Consideration in existing contractual duties (commercial benefit) (Australiancontractlaw.com, 2014). In this case consideration was originally given by BC to WW to complete the timber framing by a set date at a rate of $30,000. BC will argue that the further consideration (of $5000) falls under the previous contractual arrangements and scope, and therefore they are not liable to fulfil the new consideration. However, it could be proven that BC received an addit ional à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"practical benefità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ from the on time completion of the work, namely (Szantyr, 2011): The continuation of work without stoppage; The avoidance of a penalty from the building owner for late completion of the building project; and The avoidance of the trouble and expense of having to engage another sub-contractor. Therefore, although falling under an existing contractual duty, BC received a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"practical benefità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ when WW completed the works on time, thus providing good consideration (Williams v Roffey Bros. Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd., 1990, p. 512). WW should peruse BC to claim the promised payment. Bibliography Australiancontractlaw.com. 2014. Australian Contract Law | Julie Clarke. [online] Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/ [Accessed: 4 Apr 2014]. Gooley, J., Radan, P. and Vickovich, I. 2007. Principles of Australian contract law. Chatswood, NSW: LexisNexis Butterworths. Groves, M. 2005. Law and government in Australia. Sydney: Federation Press. Innovation.gov.au. 2014. What is valid consideration? [online] Available at: https://www.innovation.gov.au/smallbusiness/LegalHelp/LegalTopics/BusinessRelationships/Pages/WhatIsValidConsideration.aspx [Accessed: 4 Apr 2014]. NSW Department of Finance Services. 2010. Tendering Manua l. Sydney: NSW Department of Finance Services. Poole, J. 2004. Textbook on contract law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Szantyr, M. 2011. Lecture Notes Procurement and Contract Management. Adelaide: University of South Australia. Legal References Adams v Lindsell. 1818. 160 ER 250. Hughes Aircraft v Airservices Australia. 1997. 1 ALR 146 Waltons Stores (Interstate) Ltd v Maher. 1988. 164 CLR 387. Williams v Roffey Bros. Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd. 1990. 1 All ER 512. J. Creech Procurement and Contract Management 2014

Media Portrayal Of Gender Stereotypes - 1268 Words

Gender stereotyping is usually used in media to improve character traits and create humorous circumstances. When stereotypes are present in popular television shows, audience assume those messages of gender, making it difficult to counter stereotypical behavior. This paper emphasis on gender roles in popular media and it’s important for analysts and educators to identify stereotypical interpretations. Using feminist theory, media depictions can be understood and studied as learning material for helping youth and accept themselves as individuals rather than giving in to societal burden of traditionalism. Introduction Stereotype is a classification of an individual based on improper information or assumptions. In this 21st century, we claim to have a changed mindset that there is no discrimination between boys and girls. However, if a girl wants to be an engineer or a boy wants to open a beauty salon, we hesitate our inactive mindset by asking them to do what stereotypically a boy or a girl are supposed to do. This shows that discrimination still overcomes and will till human exists. Studies shows that media plays a major role by helping us take various decisions of our lives. Where, stereotyping is also being followed by media. Media presents everything to the common people and effect them. In such case, if media is gender stereotype, we cannot expect our society to be uncaring towards gender. This study is a review of media andShow MoreRelatedGender Portrayal Of The Media813 Words   |  4 PagesGender Portrayal in Media Media; â€Å"The main means of mass communication (broadcasting, publishing, and the Internet) regarded collectively† Oxford dictionary. In recent years a rising issue of media gender portrayal has been massively looked at from a sociological perspective. 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Informants were asked whether they could imagine the women in the ads as men, or vice versa, in order to uncover traits and values so habitually defined as masculine or feminine that they are unimaginable in the other sex. (Stem, 1993) Social psychologists have argued that schema, networks of memory-based associations that organize and guideRead MoreWhy And How Gender Stereotypes1654 Words   |  7 PagesWhy and How Gender Stereotypes in Advertisements are Challenged Traditional gender roles were constructed based on devotion to cultural value as well as social construct based geographical placement. Males were usually associated and expected to express masculinity while females on the other hand had to express femininity (Ickes). 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Also importantly, the role portrayals of women in these ads were never seen by any of the informants as sexist or inappropriate, contrary to the researcher s own introspection. Dominant Culture Stereotyping on Pinterest | Gender Stereotypes ... It was about time someone addressed the phrase â€Å"like a girl†. It’s full of negativity and perpetuates the stereotype that the way women do things is inferior to the way men do them. So, hold high theRead MoreEssay about The Effects of Printed Media on Gender Roles1672 Words   |  7 Pagesdesires. In simple terms, a stereotype is the application of one (usually negative) characteristic to a whole group. The stereotype is an easy concept to understand, but there are some points you need to consider when looking at media representations with regard to stereotyping. For a stereotype to ‘work’ it needs to be recognisable to the audience and when so recognised, then judgements are made about the subject. If the stereotype is negative, then the judgements willRead MoreHow Gender Portrayals Changed and Remained in the Same in the 1950s1637 Words   |  7 PagesHow Gender Portrayals Changed and Remained in Place in the 1950s Gender Portrayals. The 1950s. Change. You might wonder what these words mean, today, here, you will learn about gender portrayals in the 1950s. Gender portrayals are how a gender, such as the only two, Male and Female, are portrayed in media and social life. Now, in the 1950s bread was .14 cents, bomb shelter plans were sold, Dwight D. Eisenhower was president and people were afraid of communists invading america and making us into

Developing the Future of Flight (Aerospace Engineering) Free Essays

Developing the Future of Flight Aerospace engineering is the field of engineering dealing with the design, development, construction, testing, and operation of vehicles operating in the Earth’s atmosphere or in outer space (Stanzione). Aerospace engineers can work on many different vehicles from aircraft to deep diving vessels to high speed trains. The vast knowledge in aerodynamics, propulsion systems, structural design, materials, avionics, and stability allows them to work on just about anything. We will write a custom essay sample on Developing the Future of Flight (Aerospace Engineering) or any similar topic only for you Order Now To become an aerospace engineer one must complete a bachelor’s degree program, usually in aerospace or aeronautical engineering. Then college graduates must take two examinations and accumulate four years of work experience in order to become a licensed professional engineer (PE). Graduates earn the title of engineer in training (EIT) after completing the first exam, which can be taken any time after schooling is complete. EITs may then begin on-the-job training to further their experience and understanding of aeronautical engineering. Once EITs have completed the required experience, the next step would be taking the second exam to become a professional aerospace engineer (education-portal. om). According to engineeringdegrees101. com, the median salary for aerospace engineers in 2011 is $92,000. When one first enters the world of aerospace engineering, one will start out as an aerospace engineer I. This is called the entry level. The average salary for an entry level engineer is $62,213 per year. After one has worked in this field for two to four years, an aerospace engineer II will be the next step up. Anyo ne at this stage is now considered an intermediate level engineer and will take home an average salary of $84,537 per year. Soon after this promotion comes the next promotion, and aerospace engineer III. At this point people at this level now earn $91,945 per year. After working in this career for five to eight years one will move up to an aerospace engineer IV where the yearly salary is $98,630. Three years later and the final promotion comes, an aerospace engineer V. At this level the annual take home pay is $119,993 in one year (1. salary. com). As an aerospace engineer I-V, one will design and supervise the construction of aircrafts and the parts that make these monsters. These engineers will be given the task to analyze results of stress tests on various aircraft and missile parts and conduct research to determine flight characteristics. As a level one engineer, one will rely on instructions and pre-established guidelines to perform the functions of the job, and can plan on working under immediate supervision. Level two engineers will rely on limited experience and judgment to plan and accomplish goals, and perform a variety of tasks while working under general supervision. As a level three engineer, one will rely on experience and judgment to plan and accomplish goals while performing a variety of complicated tasks. As a level four and five, engineers will rely on extensive experience and judgment to plan and accomplish goals and perform a variety of tasks, and now get to lead and direct the work of others as a reward for all the hard work put in through out the years (1. salary. com). Sciencebuddies. org says that most aerospace engineers work in office buildings, laboratories, or plants, but not all work indoors. Some may work outdoors at construction or test sites monitoring or directing operations. Other engineers spend countless hours away from home traveling from worksite to worksite all around the world overseeing the production of things or having to fix problems. Many engineers work forty hour weeks, but sometimes deadlines on a project will force them to work longer hours in order to get the project done on time. When students are in college, or fresh out of college, and do not have a job or any extra money, one solution would be doing an internship. Internships will often offer several thousand dollars to be used for education related expenses, or just to spend however the intern wishes. Students that are planning to go into aerospace engineering can do internships with related companies such as NASA, Boeing, and Lockheed. Such companies would love to have a young adult come in and start learning the way things are done, knowing that some of the best workers are going to be leaving and are in need of people to take these veterans’ place. Perhaps the greatest benefit of the aerospace industry for professionals is in terms of annual salary. Aerospace engineers, for example, make $92,000 annually on average. This salary is the base salary for engineers, with many companies providing profit sharing and other plans that bring the annual salary up. Another important benefit for aerospace professionals of all types is the basic health, dental, and vision benefits. Most major aerospace companies provide extensive health and medical benefits, which are investments on the company’s part toward a healthier and more productive workforce. Dental and vision benefits are nice perks for aerospace professionals and those with families can usually include children and spouses on their plans. While salary and basic benefits are great ways for aerospace professionals to offset the stresses of the job, there are a number of other perks that keep talented workers in the industry. Many aerospace companies provide consumer loans to the employees for the purchase of automobiles, condominiums, and other living necessities. Finally, commercial and civilian aerospace companies will often provide airline discounts for workers and immediate families. Finally, there are two mainstays of the aerospace industry which are crucial for professionals to stay at jobs over a long period of time. Most aerospace companies provide paid leave, typically four to six weeks annually, which is meant to give professionals time to unwind and leave the desks or work stations for a little while. As well, a long term human resources investment for these companies comes with the pension program. Aerospace companies will often match a certain level of employee contributions in order to keep skilled workers from leaving for jobs with rival companies. Works Cited Page â€Å"Aerospace Engineering — Britannica Online Encyclopedia. † Encyclopedia – Britannica Online Encyclopedia. Ed. Kaydon A. Stanzione. Web. 20 Nov. 2011. http://www. britannica. com/EBchecked/topic/7364/aerospace-engineering. â€Å"Aeronautical Engineer: Educational Requirements. † Research Schools, Online Courses, Degrees and Careers at Education Portal. Web. 20 Nov. 2011. http://education-portal. com/articles/Aeronautical_Engineer_Educational_Requirements. html. â€Å"Engineer Salary – How Much Do Engineers How to cite Developing the Future of Flight (Aerospace Engineering), Papers

Business Sustainability System Thinking Approach

Question: Discuss about the Business Sustainability for System Thinking Approach. Answer: Introduction System thinking approach is entirely different form the traditional approach of analysis (Aronson 1996). When on one hand, the traditional analysis aims at dividing the parts of a larger entity and then carries out the research work. On the other hand, system-thinking approach aims at studying a problem or researching a problem by considering the system as a whole (Forrester 1994). The behavior and the interactions of the individuals who are living in the system are studied with the help of the system thinking approach. Hence, it can be said that system thinking does not break a system into smaller arts. On the contrary, it sees a problem in the larger context and a huge number of communications and then solves the problem. At times, system thinking giving an entirely different conclusion than the conclusion that could have been reached with the traditional analysis. The wicked problems that will be taken into consideration for the present essay is the problem of homelessness in Aust ralia. Australians and the people who enter Australia either as a refugee or as an asylum seeker and the aboriginals of Australia are suffering from the major crisis of homelessness. The present situation of the homeless population in Australia will be studied so that the issues that are faced by the homeless population can be understood. In addition to this, the role of various NGOs and the government bodies to eradicate the problems of secondary research will be taken into consideration. Finally the problems of homelessness in Australia will be linked with the system thinking approach and then the conclusion will be reached that whether the problems of homelessness is Australia could be solved by the system thinking approach or the traditional approach will be helpful in such contexts. On one hand, Australia is one of the developed countries in the world with some of the excellent amenities for the people living in the country (launchhousing.org.au 2016). On the other hand, Australia is a place where a huge number of people are lying homeless. Among the homeless population, the refugees and the asylum seekers take up a huge area. It has been calculated that every night 105,000 people are homeless in the streets of Australia. Most of the organizations have no vacancies for the people who have entered Australia as a refugee. As a result, they end up staying in boarding houses that are sub-standards in nature, squats, caravans, cars and many other dangerous situations. The reasons for homelessness are ample and if the homeless people were asked about the reason behind their homelessness, most of them has their individual story to be told. Most of the holes people are young women and children. In addition to this, most of the homeless people are below the age of 25 yea rs (The Salvation Army 2016). When on one hand, fleeing from their own country to Australia is common; there are various other reasons where the native Australians have to go homeless. The domestic violence is another major contributor of homelessness among the individuals (Bassuk et al. 2014). There are other reasons of homelessness like Poor metal condition of the individuals Poverty Breakdown of family Expired lease of the place where they are staying Addiction Gambling Leaving care home and unable to find place in the home Leaving prison after a long time and unable to reunite with the family As per the census of homeless population it has been found that in the Australia capital territory there are 1364 homeless people staying and in the New South Wales region there are 27, 374 people (Gaetz 2014). Hence, as per the data, there are 42 homeless people per 10,000 populations. As far as the other parts of the Australia are concerned, Seven hundred and ninety-six people who are homeless and in Tasmania, there are 2507 people who are homeless. In Queensland, the homelessness count is 26,782 and in Western Australia, there are 13,391. In the northern region, there were 4785 homeless population and the rate is 248 people per 1000 people (Parsell, Jones and Head 2013). Figure 1: Graph showing the percentage of homeless population in Australia (Source: launchhousing.org.au 2016) A study has been carried out in the year 2016, which shows that 43% of the participants feel that a lone person is the one who is homeless, and 20% of the participants feel that homelessness can come for the families with children. However, data have shown that the specialist homelessness service have said that among the clients, 29% of the clients are lone people while 47% are the families with the children. The similar study has also found that out of all the entire population that is 16% who come seeking help from the specialist service are below 10 years of age, which represents 40,900 young children. When the people of Australia are asked about the risk of homelessness. The participants are asked whether they agree or disagree with the fact that the risk of homelessness is more than in the past. Sixty-three percent of the participants have said that they agree with the fact that the risk of homelessness is more nowadays. 31% remained neutral with the statement and only 6% of the population feel that the risks of homelessness is lesser than in the past. Figure 2: The pie chart showing the perception of people regarding the risk of homelessness (Source: Wood et al. 2014) Another study was conducted to see that the duration of help or support needed by the individuals who are homeless. Figure 3: Graph showing the duration of support needed by the individuals, who are homeless (Source: Sharam and Hulse 2014) The data shows that 14% of the homeless population required help for over 180 days, and the equal number of percentage of people took the support for 90-180 day. Sixteen percent of the homeless population has taken then help of the support for 46-90 days. Thirty-one percent of the homeless population has to take help for 6-45 days and 26% of the homeless population has taken the help for up to 5days. Thus, it can be said that most of the participants seek help 6-45 days due to their homelessness. The people who sleep in the makeshift dwellings due to unavailability of proper homes only represent 7% of the homeless population in Australia (Chamberlain, Johnson and Robinson 2014). The aboriginal and Torres Strait islander comprise a quarter of all the total population of homelessness. The number of people who are aboriginals and the Torres Strait islander and are homeless are take up 2.5% of the entire population of Australia. The effect of homelessness among the people in Australia is mainly seen among the younger generation. It has-been seen that in the year, 2010, the people who asked for help from the specialist homelessness service, half of them were under the age group of 25 years and a third of the population in under the age group of 17 years (Conroy et al. 2014). Two-third of the population was children who are escaping with their mother because their mothers were victim of domestic violence (Parsell, Tomaszewski and Phillips 2014). Homelessness has driven people to such an extent that they have made suicidal attempts or harmed themselves. One out of five homeless young women has attempted suicide. The rate of suicidal attempt among men is one in ten (Petersen et al. 2014). It has been also found that, more than one woman in four young homeless women has shown non-suicidal self-injury behavior as compared to one young man out of four who have done the same. There are many non-governmental organizations and government bodies have helped the homeless people in Australia. Street Smart is one such NGO that helps in eradicating homelessness in Australia (StreetSmart Australia 2016). In addition to this, they prevent people from becoming homeless and support those people who are homeless in Australia. Moreover, they take special care for those who have been placed in new houses and make the government to give permanent supportive housing for those who are staying in temporary homes. Street Smart is working since 2003. They have raised $3,896,915 and used the fund for the devolvement of the homeless population living in Australia. In addition to this, they have funded 12225 projects and supported 458 organizations. Red Cross is one of the major helping hand for the people who are homeless in Australia. On an average, Red Cross society helps 2180 people to find accommodation and supports 1360 people who are at the risks of becoming homeless. In addition to this, provides meal to 43,400 people who are facing a tough time (Redcross.org.au 2016). There are various steps and programs taken up by Red Cross society to help and support the people, who are homeless. Some of the examples are: Programs for supporting people, who are presently homeless Help avoid homelessness for people, who are at risk of losing their homes Help the Holmes people develop various life skills so that they can use the skills in professional field. In addition to this, connects the people who are homeless so that they can develop their own community and fight their problems in a better manner Meals and support for the people who have no income of themselves and do not have a place to stay. In addition to serving meals, the volunteers give the homeless people the information that will help them to find home in Australia. Some studies have been carried out to see the perception of the normal people in Australia regarding the people who are homeless. Many feel that the people who are homeless eventually become criminals and threats to the society. Amy M. Donley presented the problems of homelessness in the article, The Perception of Homeless People: Important Factors in Determining Perceptions of The Homeless as Dangerous. The author carried out the research based on the areas like, characteristics of the respondents, effects of the media and the perception of the urban population regarding the rights of the homeless population (Donley 2008). It has been found that the race of the people, who are homeless, plays a major role among the perception of the people who are homeless. The media has no effect on the perception of people about the homeless population. The crime that were committed by the homeless people are not dangerous and can be termed as nuisance crime. The author has recommended that there is a need of in-depth analysis of the perpetration rate among the homeless population to study their involvements in crimes. Conclusion Even though various types of people are homeless, it can be concluded that the problem of homelessness can be solved with the help of the system thinking approach as the problem is for entire Australia and not for any particular type of people. As the number of homeless population is increasing at a steep rate, hence, it is high time that the government of Australia take steps to eradicate the issues of homeless people in the region. As the system thinking approach suggests, that there is a need to make clear interaction among the people who are part of a single problem, the Red Cross society seemed to follow the footsteps of the system thinking approach. They work for the upliftment of the homeless population and interact with them to know their issues in detail. In addition to this, they help them to form a community where the homeless people will be able to form a community and seek the help from the government. Thus, it can be seen that the problems of the people who are homeless could be solved by uniting them and making them interact with each other rather than dividing the types of the people who are homeless and then solving the issues. The need for home is for all types of people in spite of various backgrounds, hence, trying to solve their issues by putting the problems into larger context, rather than disintegrating the problem. References Aronson, D., 1996. Overview of systems thinking.The thinking page. Bassuk, E.L., DeCandia, C.J., Beach, C.A. and Berman, F., 2014. America's youngest outcasts: A report card on child homelessness. Chamberlain, C., Johnson, G. and Robinson, C. eds., 2014.Homelessness in Australia. UNSW Press. Conroy, E., Bower, M., Flatau, P., Zaretzky, K., Eardley, T. and Burns, L., 2014. The MISHA Project: From Homelessness to Sustained Housing 2010-2013. Donley, A.M., 2008.The perception of homeless people: Important factors in determining perceptions of the homeless as dangerous. ProQuest. Forrester, J.W., 1994. System dynamics, systems thinking, and soft OR.System Dynamics Review,10(2à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ 3), pp.245-256. Gaetz, S., 2014.Coming of age: Reimagining the response to youth homelessness in Canada. Canadian Homelessness Research Network. launchhousing.org.au, 2016.What Australian voters are saying about homelessness and housing. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.launchhousing.org.au/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/Perceptions-of-Homelessness-FINAL.pdf [Accessed 29 Aug. 2016]. Parsell, C., Jones, A. and Head, B., 2013. Policies and programmes to end homelessness in Australia: Learning from international practice.International Journal of Social Welfare,22(2), pp.186-194. Parsell, C., Tomaszewski, W. and Phillips, R., 2014. Exiting unsheltered homelessness and sustaining housing: A human agency perspective.Social Service Review,88(2), pp.295-321. Petersen, M., Parsell, C., Phillips, R. and White, G., 2014. Preventing first time homelessness amongst older Australians.AHURI Final Reportà ¯Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒ ¯Ã¢â€ž ¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦, Australian Housing and Urban Research Institute, Melbourne. Redcross.org.au, 2016.Homelessness - Helping Homeless People | Australian Red Cross. [online] Redcross.org.au. Available at: https://www.redcross.org.au/homelessness.aspx [Accessed 29 Aug. 2016]. Sharam, A. and Hulse, K., 2014. Understanding the nexus between poverty and homelessness: relational poverty analysis of families experiencing homelessness in Australia.Housing, Theory and Society,31(3), pp.294-309. StreetSmart Australia, 2016.Who We Help. [online] StreetSmart Australia. Available at: https://streetsmartaustralia.org/whowehelp/ [Accessed 29 Aug. 2016]. The Salvation Army, 2016.Homelessness. [online] The Salvation Army. Available at: https://www.salvationarmy.org.au/Who-We-Are/our-work/Homelessness/ [Accessed 29 Aug. 2016]. Wood, G., Batterham, D., Cigdem, M. and Mallett, S., 2014. The spatial dynamics of homelessness in Australia 20012011.